Neuroglia - Type of nervous tissue
Document3 pagesB.Pharm, Pharm.D
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Notes on Neuroglia
- neuroglia
- glial cells
- nervous tissue
- neurons
- nervous system
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- Page 1. Type Structure Location Functions Astrocytes 1. Protoplasmic (in gray matter) Many short, branched processes 2. Fibrous (in white matter) Long, unbranched processes Largest and most numerous; star- shaped CNS gray and white matter 1. Provide mechanical support via microfilaments 2. Maintain blood–brain barrier by interacting with capillaries 3. Regulate neuronal development (growth, migration, synapse formation) 4. Maintain ionic and chemical balance, remove neurotransmitters 5. Involved in learning and memory Oligodendrocytes Fewer and smaller processes than astrocytes CNS white matter Form and maintain myelin sheath in CNS, increasing impulse speed Microglia Small, with slender, spinelike processes Scattered in CNS Function as phagocytes: remove debris, pathogens, and damaged tissue
- Page 2. Type Structure Location Functions Schwann Cells Enclose axons; each forms myelin around one axon Around PNS axons 1. Myelinate single axons in the PNS 2. Can enclose multiple unmyelinated axons 3. Aid in axon regeneration Satellite Cells Flat, sheet-like cells Surround neuron cell bodies in PNS ganglia 1. Provide structural support 2. Regulate exchange of materials between cell bodies and interstitial fluid Ependymal Cells Cuboidal/ columnar; cilia & microvilli; form a single epithelial layer Line ventricles of brain & central canal of spinal cord 1. Produce and circulate CSF 2. Contribute to the blood–CSF barrier
- Page 3. Feature Details Definition Neuroglia (glial cells) are non-neuronal support cells in the nervous system that assist neurons functionally and structurally. Key Features - Make up ~50% of CNS volume- Smaller but 5–25× more numerous than neurons- Do not generate action potentials- Capable of mitosis in adulthood- Multiply in response to injury/disease - Gliomas are malignant tumors arising from glia
